ERA5 Hersbach H, Bell B, Berrisford P et al. 2020. The ERA5 global reanalysis. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 146: 1999-2049. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3803. Data file
GISTEMP Lenssen, N., G. Schmidt, J. Hansen, M. Menne, A. Persin, R. Ruedy, and D. Zyss, 2019: Improvements in the GISTEMP uncertainty model. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 124, no. 12, 6307-6326, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD029522.e. Data file
NOAAGlobalTempv6 Yin, X., and Coauthors, 2024: NOAAGlobalTemp version 6: An AI-based global surface temperature dataset. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. in press https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-24-0012.1Data file
Cheng et al. 2017 Cheng, Lijing, John Abraham, Zeke Hausfather, and Kevin E. Trenberth. 'How fast are the oceans warming?.' Science 363, no. 6423 (2019): 128-129. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aav7619.
GCOS von Schuckmann, K., Cheng, L., Palmer, M. D., Hansen, J., Tassone, C., Aich, V., Adusumilli, S., Beltrami, H., Boyer, T., Cuesta-Valero, F. J., Desbruyères, D., Domingues, C., García-García, A., Gentine, P., Gilson, J., Gorfer, M., Haimberger, L., Ishii, M., Johnson, G. C., Killick, R., King, B. A., Kirchengast, G., Kolodziejczyk, N., Lyman, J., Marzeion, B., Mayer, M., Monier, M., Monselesan, D. P., Purkey, S., Roemmich, D., Schweiger, A., Seneviratne, S. I., Shepherd, A., Slater, D. A., Steiner, A. K., Straneo, F., Timmermans, M.-L., and Wijffels, S. E.: Heat stored in the Earth system: where does the energy go?, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 2013–2041, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2013-2020, 2020. Data citation: von Schuckmann, Karina; Minière, Audrey; Gues, Flora; Cuesta-Valero, Francisco; Kirchengast, Gottfried; Adusumilli, Susheel; Straneo, Fiammetta; Allan, Richard; Barker, Paul M.; Beltrami, Hugo; Boyer, Tim; Cheng, Lijing; Church, John; Desbruyeres, Damien; Dolman, Han; Domingues, Catia; García-García, Almudena; Giglio, Donata; Gilson, John; Gorfer, Maximilian; Haimberger, Leopold; Hendricks, Stefan; Hosoda, Shigeki; Johnson, Gregory; Killick, Rachel; King, Brian; Kolodziejczyk, Nicolas; Korosov, Anton; Krinner, Gerhard; Kuusela, Mikael; Langer, Moritz; Lavergne, Thomas; Li, Yuehua; Lyman, John; Marzeion, Ben; Mayer, Michael; MacDougall, Andrew; Lawrence, Isobel; McDougall, Trevor; Monselesan, Didier; Nitzbon, Jean; Otosaka, Inès; Peng, Jian; Purkey, Sarah; Roemmich, Dean; Sato, Kanako; Sato, Katsunari; Savita, Abhishek; Schweiger, Axel; Shepherd, Andrew; Seneviratne, Sonia; Simons, Leon; Slater, Donald; Slater, Thomas; Smith, Noah; Steiner, Andrea; Suga, Toshio; Szekely, Tanguy; Thiery, Wim; Timmermanns, Mary-Louise; Vanderkelen, Inne; Wijffels, Susan; Wu, Tonghua; Zemp, Michael (2022). Heat stored in the Earth system 1960-2020: Where does the energy go?. World Data Center for Climate (WDCC) at DKRZ. https://www.wdc-climate.de/ui/entry?acronym=GCOS_EHI_1960-2020
Ishii et al. 2017 Ishii, M., Y. Fukuda, H. Hirahara, S. Yasui, T. Suzuki, and K. Sato, 2017: Accuracy of Global Upper Ocean Heat Content Estimation Expected from Present Observational Data Sets. SOLA, Vol. 13, 163 – 167, https://doi.org/10.2151/sola.2017-030.
Minière et al. 2023 Minière, A., von Schuckmann, K., Sallée, JB. et al. Robust acceleration of Earth system heating observed over the past six decades. Sci Rep 13, 22975 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-49353-1.
AVISO Legeais, J.-F., Ablain, M., Zawadzki, L., Zuo, H., Johannessen, J. A., Scharffenberg, M. G., Fenoglio-Marc, L., Fernandes, M. J., Andersen, O. B., Rudenko, S., Cipollini, P., Quartly, G. D., Passaro, M., Cazenave, A., and Benveniste, J. (2018). An improved and homogeneous altimeter sea level record from the ESA Climate Change Initiative. Earth System Science Data, 10, 281-301. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-281-2018. Data file (via ftp)
NSIDC Fetterer, F., K. Knowles, W. N. Meier, M. Savoie, and A. K. Windnagel. 2017, updated daily. Sea Ice Index, Version 3. 1979-present. Boulder, Colorado USA. NSIDC: National Snow and Ice Data Center. doi: https://doi.org/10.7265/N5K072F8. [2024-10-02 14:29:55]. Data file (via ftp)
OSI SAF v2.2 Lavergne, T., Sorensen, A. M., Kern, S., Tonboe, R., Notz, D., Aaboe, S., Bell, L., Dybkjar, G., Eastwood, S., Gabarro, C., Heygster, G., Killie, M. A., Brandt Kreiner, M., Lavelle, J., Saldo, R., Sandven, S., and Pedersen, L. T.: Version 2 of the EUMETSAT OSI SAF and ESA CCI sea-ice concentration climate data records, The Cryosphere, 13, 49-78, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-49-2019, 2019. Data file (via ftp). EUMETSAT Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility, Sea ice index 1979-onwards (v2.1, 2020), OSI-420, Data extracted from OSI SAF FTP server: 1979-present, Northern Hemisphere, accessed 2024-10-02 18:00:31. The OSI SAF Sea Ice Index v2.2 is made available at https://osisaf-hl.met.no/v2p1-sea-ice-index. The OSI SAF Sea Ice Index v2p1 is prepared using EUMETSAT OSI SAF Sea Ice Concentration data, with R&D input from the ESA Climate Change Initiative (ESA CCI) (Lavergne et al. 2019)
WGMS WGMS (2017, updated, and earlier reports): Global Glacier Change Bulletin No. 2 (2014-2015). Zemp, M., Nussbaumer, S. U., Gärtner-Roer, I., Huber, J., Machguth, H., Paul, F., and Hoelzle, M. (eds.), ICSU(WDS)/IUGG(IACS)/UNEP/UNESCO/WMO, World Glacier Monitoring Service, Zurich, Switzerland, 244 pp., based on database version: https://doi.org/10.5904/wgms-fog-2018-11. WGMS (2017, updated, and earlier reports): Global Glacier Change Bulletin No. 2 (2014-2015). Zemp, M., Nussbaumer, S. U., Gärtner-Roer, I., Huber, J., Machguth, H., Paul, F., and Hoelzle, M. (eds.), ICSU(WDS)/IUGG(IACS)/UNEP/UNESCO/WMO, World Glacier Monitoring Service, Zurich, Switzerland, 244 pp., based on database version: https://doi.org/10.5904/wgms-fog-2018-11
NASA GRACE Watkins, M. M., D. N. Wiese, D. -N. Yuan, C. Boening, and F. W. Landerer (2015), Improved methods for observing Earth's time variable mass distribution with GRACE using spherical cap mascons, J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth, 120, 2648_2671, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JB011547. Wiese, D. N., D.-N. Yuan, C. Boening, F. W. Landerer, and M. M. Watkins (2019) JPL GRACE and GRACE-FO Mascon Ocean, Ice, and Hydrology Equivalent Water Height RL06M CRI Filtered Version 2.0, Ver. 2.0, PO.DAAC, CA, USA. Dataset accessed [2024-07-18 13:21:30] at https://doi.org/10.5067/TEMSC-3MJ62. Data file
Velicogna et al. Geruo, A., Wahr, J., & Zhong, S. (2013). Computations of the viscoelastic response of a 3-D compressible Earth to surface loading: An application to Glacial Isostatic Adjustment in Antarctica and Canada. Geophysical Journal International, 192(2), 557–572.
Ivins, E. R., T. S. James, J. Wahr, E. J. O Schrama, F. W. Landerer, and K. M. Simon (2013), Antarctic contribution to sea level rise observed by GRACE with improved GIA correction, J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth, 118, 3126–3141, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrb.50208.
Loomis, B. D., Rachlin, K. E., & Luthcke, S. B. (2019). Improved Earth oblateness rate reveals increased ice sheet losses and mass-driven sea level rise. Geophysical Research Letters, 46, 6910–6917. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL082929.
Peltier, W., Argus, D., & Drummond, R. (2015). Space geodesy constrains ice age terminal deglaciation: The global ICE-6G_C (VM5a) model. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 120, 450–487. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JB011176.
Simpson, M. J., Milne, G. A., Huybrechts, P., & Long, A. J. (2009). Calibrating a glaciological model of the Greenland ice sheet from the Last Glacial Maximum to present-day using field observations of relative sea level and ice extent. Quaternary Science Reviews, 28(17), 1631–1657.
Sutterley, T. C., & Velicogna, I. (2019). Improved estimates of geocenter variability from time-variable gravity and ocean model outputs. Remote Sensing, 11(18), 2108.
Velicogna I., Mohajerani Y., A G., Landerer F., Mouginot J., Noel B., Rignot E., Sutterley T., van den Broeke M., van Wessem J., Wiese D. (2020). Continuity of ice sheet mass loss in Greenland and Antarctica from the GRACE and GRACE Follow-On missions, Geophys. Res. Lett. 47, e2020GL087291.
IMBIE Shepherd, A., Ivins, E., Rignot, E., Smith, B., van den Broeke, M., Velicogna, I., Whitehouse, P., Briggs, K., Joughin, I., Krinner, G., Nowicki, S., Payne, A., Scambos, T., Schlegel, N., A, G., Agosta, C., Ahlstrøm, A., Babonis, G., Barletta, V., … Wuite, J. (2021). Antarctic and Greenland Ice Sheet mass balance 1992-2020 for IPCC AR6 (Version 1.0) [Data set]. UK Polar Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, UK Research & Innovation. https://doi.org/10.5285/77B64C55-7166-4A06-9DEF-2E400398E452. Shepherd, A., Ivins, E., Rignot, E., Smith, B., van den Broeke, M., Velicogna, I., Whitehouse, P., Briggs, K., Joughin, I., Krinner, G., Nowicki, S., Payne, A., Scambos, T., Schlegel, N., A, G., Agosta, C., Ahlstrøm, A., Babonis, G., Barletta, V., … Wuite, J. (2021). Antarctic and Greenland Ice Sheet mass balance 1992-2020 for IPCC AR6 (Version 1.0) [Data set]. UK Polar Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, UK Research & Innovation. https://doi.org/10.5285/77B64C55-7166-4A06-9DEF-2E400398E452. Data file
IMBIE 2021 Shepherd, A., Ivins, E., Rignot, E., Smith, B., van den Broeke, M., Velicogna, I., Whitehouse, P., Briggs, K., Joughin, I., Krinner, G., Nowicki, S., Payne, A., Scambos, T., Schlegel, N., A, G., Agosta, C., Ahlstrøm, A., Babonis, G., Barletta, V., … Wuite, J. (2021). Antarctic and Greenland Ice Sheet mass balance 1992-2020 for IPCC AR6 (Version 1.0) [Data set]. UK Polar Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, UK Research & Innovation. https://doi.org/10.5285/77B64C55-7166-4A06-9DEF-2E400398E452. Data file
Mankoff et al. Mankoff, K. D., Fettweis, X., Langen, P. L., Stendel, M., Kjeldsen, K. K., Karlsson, N. B., Noël, B., van den Broeke, M. R., Solgaard, A., Colgan, W., Box, J. E., Simonsen, S. B., King, M. D., Ahlstrøm, A. P., Andersen, S. B., and Fausto, R. S.: Greenland ice sheet mass balance from 1840 through next week, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 5001–5025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5001-2021, 2021. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5001-2021. Data citation:https://doi.org/10.22008/FK2/OHI23ZData file
Velicogna et al. Geruo, A., Wahr, J., & Zhong, S. (2013). Computations of the viscoelastic response of a 3-D compressible Earth to surface loading: An application to Glacial Isostatic Adjustment in Antarctica and Canada. Geophysical Journal International, 192(2), 557–572.
Ivins, E. R., T. S. James, J. Wahr, E. J. O Schrama, F. W. Landerer, and K. M. Simon (2013), Antarctic contribution to sea level rise observed by GRACE with improved GIA correction, J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth, 118, 3126–3141, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrb.50208.
Loomis, B. D., Rachlin, K. E., & Luthcke, S. B. (2019). Improved Earth oblateness rate reveals increased ice sheet losses and mass-driven sea level rise. Geophysical Research Letters, 46, 6910–6917. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL082929.
Peltier, W., Argus, D., & Drummond, R. (2015). Space geodesy constrains ice age terminal deglaciation: The global ICE-6G_C (VM5a) model. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 120, 450–487. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JB011176.
Simpson, M. J., Milne, G. A., Huybrechts, P., & Long, A. J. (2009). Calibrating a glaciological model of the Greenland ice sheet from the Last Glacial Maximum to present-day using field observations of relative sea level and ice extent. Quaternary Science Reviews, 28(17), 1631–1657.
Sutterley, T. C., & Velicogna, I. (2019). Improved estimates of geocenter variability from time-variable gravity and ocean model outputs. Remote Sensing, 11(18), 2108.
Velicogna I., Mohajerani Y., A G., Landerer F., Mouginot J., Noel B., Rignot E., Sutterley T., van den Broeke M., van Wessem J., Wiese D. (2020). Continuity of ice sheet mass loss in Greenland and Antarctica from the GRACE and GRACE Follow-On missions, Geophys. Res. Lett. 47, e2020GL087291.